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A Fancy Hover Effect For Your Avatar

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Do you know that kind of effect where someone’s head is poking through a circle or hole? The famous Porky Pig animation where he waves goodbye while popping out of a series of red rings is the perfect example, and Kilian Valkhof actually re-created that here on CSS-Tricks a while back.

I have a similar idea but tackled a different way and with a sprinkle of animation. I think it’s pretty practical and makes for a neat hover effect you can use on something like your own avatar.

See that? We’re going to make a scaling animation where the avatar seems to pop right out of the circle it’s in. Cool, right? Don’t look at the code and let’s build this animation together step-by-step.

The HTML: Just one element

If you haven’t checked the code of the demo and you are wondering how many divs this’ll take, then stop right there, because our markup is nothing but a single image element:

<img src="" alt="">

Yes, a single element! The challenging part of this exercise is using the smallest amount of code possible. If you have been following me for a while, you should be used to this. I try hard to find CSS solutions that can be achieved with the smallest, most maintainable code possible.

I wrote a series of articles here on CSS-Tricks where I explore different hover effects using the same HTML markup containing a single element. I go into detail on gradients, masking, clipping, outlines, and even layout techniques. I highly recommend checking those out because I will re-use many of the tricks in this post.

An image file that’s square with a transparent background will work best for what we’re doing. Here’s the one I’m using if you want start with that.

I’m hoping to see lots of examples of this as possible using real images — so please share your final result in the comments when you’re done so we can build a collection!

Before jumping into CSS, let’s first dissect the effect. The image gets bigger on hover, so we’ll for sure use transform: scale() in there. There’s a circle behind the avatar, and a radial gradient should do the trick. Finally, we need a way to create a border at the bottom of the circle that creates the appearance of the avatar behind the circle.

Let’s get to work!

The scale effect

Let’s start by adding the transform:

img {
  width: 280px;
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: .5s;
}
img:hover {
  transform: scale(1.35);
}

Nothing complicated yet, right? Let’s move on.

The circle

We said that the background would be a radial gradient. That’s perfect because we can create hard stops between the colors of a radial gradient, which make it look like we’re drawing a circle with solid lines.

img {
  --b: 5px; /* border width */

  width: 280px;
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  background:
    radial-gradient(
      circle closest-side,
      #ECD078 calc(99% - var(--b)),
      #C02942 calc(100% - var(--b)) 99%,
      #0000
    );
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: .5s;
}
img:hover {
  transform: scale(1.35);
}

Note the CSS variable, --b, I’m using there. It represents the thickness of the “border” which is really just being used to define the hard color stops for the red part of the radial gradient.

The next step is to play with the gradient size on hover. The circle needs to keep its size as the image grows. Since we are applying a scale() transformation, we actually need to decrease the size of the circle because it otherwise scales up with the avatar. So, while the image scales up, we need the gradient to scale down.

Let’s start by defining a CSS variable, --f, that defines the “scale factor”, and use it to set the size of the circle. I’m using 1 as the default value, as in that’s the initial scale for the image and the circle that we transform from.

Here is a demo to illustrate the trick. Hover to see what is happening behind the scenes:

I added a third color to the radial-gradient to better identify the area of the gradient on hover:

radial-gradient(
  circle closest-side,
  #ECD078 calc(99% - var(--b)),
  #C02942 calc(100% - var(--b)) 99%,
  lightblue
);

Now we have to position our background at the center of the circle and make sure it takes up the full height. I like to declare everything directly on the background shorthand property, so we can add our background positioning and make sure it doesn’t repeat by tacking on those values right after the radial-gradient():

background: radial-gradient() 50% / calc(100% / var(--f)) 100% no-repeat;

The background is placed at the center (50%), has a width equal to calc(100%/var(--f)), and has a height equal to 100%.

Nothing scales when --f is equal to 1 — again, our initial scale. Meanwhile, the gradient takes up the full width of the container. When we increase --f, the element’s size grows — thanks to the scale() transform — and the gradient’s size decreases.

Here’s what we get when we apply all of this to our demo:

We’re getting closer! We have the overflow effect at the top, but we still need to hide the bottom part of the image, so it looks like it is popping out of the circle rather than sitting in front of it. That’s the tricky part of this whole thing and is what we’re going to do next.

The bottom border

I first tried tackling this with the border-bottom property, but I was unable to find a way to match the size of the border to the size to the circle. Here’s the best I could get and you can immediately see it’s wrong:

The actual solution is to use the outline property. Yes, outline, not border. In a previous article, I show how outline is powerful and allows us to create cool hover effects. Combined with outline-offset, we have exactly what we need for our effect.

The idea is to set an outline on the image and adjust its offset to create the bottom border. The offset will depend on the scaling factor the same way the gradient size did.

Now we have our bottom “border” (actually an outline) combined with the “border” created by the gradient to create a full circle. We still need to hide portions of the outline (from the top and the sides), which we’ll get to in a moment.

Here’s our code so far, including a couple more CSS variables you can use to configure the image size (--s) and the “border” color (--c):

img {
  --s: 280px; /* image size */
  --b: 5px; /* border thickness */
  --c: #C02942; /* border color */
  --f: 1; /* initial scale */

  width: var(--s);
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  cursor: pointer;
  border-radius: 0 0 999px 999px;
  outline: var(--b) solid var(--c);
  outline-offset: calc((1 / var(--f) - 1) * var(--s) / 2 - var(--b));
  background: 
    radial-gradient(
      circle closest-side,
      #ECD078 calc(99% - var(--b)),
      var(--c) calc(100% - var(--b)) 99%,
      #0000
    ) 50% / calc(100% / var(--f)) 100% no-repeat;
  transform: scale(var(--f));
  transition: .5s;
}
img:hover {
  --f: 1.35; /* hover scale */
}

Since we need a circular bottom border, we added a border-radius on the bottom side, allowing the outline to match the curvature of the gradient.

The calculation used on outline-offset is a lot more straightforward than it looks. By default, outline is drawn outside of the element’s box. And in our case, we need it to overlap the element. More precisely, we need it to follow the circle created by the gradient.

When we scale the element, we see the space between the circle and the edge. Let’s not forget that the idea is to keep the circle at the same size after the scale transformation runs, which leaves us with the space we will use to define the outline’s offset as illustrated in the above figure.

Let’s not forget that the second element is scaled, so our result is also scaled… which means we need to divide the result by f to get the real offset value:

Offset = ((f - 1) * S/2) / f = (1 - 1/f) * S/2

We add a negative sign since we need the outline to go from the outside to the inside:

Offset = (1/f - 1) * S/2

Here’s a quick demo that shows how the outline follows the gradient:

You may already see it, but we still need the bottom outline to overlap the circle rather than letting it bleed through it. We can do that by removing the border’s size from the offset:

outline-offset: calc((1 / var(--f) - 1) * var(--s) / 2) - var(--b));

Now we need to find how to remove the top part from the outline. In other words, we only want the bottom part of the image’s outline.

First, let’s add space at the top with padding to help avoid the overlap at the top:

img {
  --s: 280px; /* image size */
  --b: 5px;   /* border thickness */
  --c: #C02942; /* border color */
  --f: 1; /* initial scale */

  width: var(--s);
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  padding-block-start: calc(var(--s)/5);
  /* etc. */
}
img:hover {
  --f: 1.35; /* hover scale */
}

There is no particular logic to that top padding. The idea is to ensure the outline doesn’t touch the avatar’s head. I used the element’s size to define that space to always have the same proportion.

Note that I have added the content-box value to the background:

background:
  radial-gradient(
    circle closest-side,
    #ECD078 calc(99% - var(--b)),
    var(--c) calc(100% - var(--b)) 99%,
    #0000
  ) 50%/calc(100%/var(--f)) 100% no-repeat content-box;

We need this because we added padding and we only want the background set to the content box, so we must explicitly tell the background to stop there.

Adding CSS mask to the mix

We reached the last part! All we need to do is to hide some pieces, and we are done. For this, we will rely on the mask property and, of course, gradients.

Here is a figure to illustrate what we need to hide or what we need to show to be more accurate

Showing how the mask applies to the bottom portion of the circle.

The left image is what we currently have, and the right is what we want. The green part illustrates the mask we must apply to the original image to get the final result.

We can identify two parts of our mask:

A circular part at the bottom that has the same dimension and curvature as the radial gradient we used to create the circle behind the avatar
A rectangle at the top that covers the area inside the outline. Notice how the outline is outside the green area at the top — that’s the most important part, as it allows the outline to be cut so that only the bottom part is visible.

Here’s our final CSS:

img {
  --s: 280px; /* image size */
  --b: 5px; /* border thickness */
  --c: #C02942; /* border color */
  --f: 1; /* initial scale */

  --_g: 50% / calc(100% / var(--f)) 100% no-repeat content-box;
  --_o: calc((1 / var(--f) - 1) * var(--s) / 2 - var(--b));

  width: var(--s);
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  padding-top: calc(var(--s)/5);
  cursor: pointer;
  border-radius: 0 0 999px 999px;
  outline: var(--b) solid var(--c);
  outline-offset: var(--_o);
  background: 
    radial-gradient(
      circle closest-side,
      #ECD078 calc(99% - var(--b)),
      var(--c) calc(100% - var(--b)) 99%,
      #0000) var(--_g);
  mask:
    linear-gradient(#000 0 0) no-repeat
    50% calc(-1 * var(--_o)) / calc(100% / var(--f) - 2 * var(--b)) 50%,
    radial-gradient(
      circle closest-side,
      #000 99%,
      #0000) var(--_g);
  transform: scale(var(--f));
  transition: .5s;
}
img:hover {
  --f: 1.35; /* hover scale */
}

Let’s break down that mask property. For starters, notice that a similar radial-gradient() from the background property is in there. I created a new variable, --_g, for the common parts to make things less cluttered.

--_g: 50% / calc(100% / var(--f)) 100% no-repeat content-box;

mask:
  radial-gradient(
    circle closest-side,
    #000 99%,
    #0000) var(--_g);

Next, there’s a linear-gradient() in there as well:

--_g: 50% / calc(100% / var(--f)) 100% no-repeat content-box;

mask:
  linear-gradient(#000 0 0) no-repeat
    50% calc(-1 * var(--_o)) / calc(100% / var(--f) - 2 * var(--b)) 50%,
  radial-gradient(
    circle closest-side,
    #000 99%,
    #0000) var(--_g);

This creates the rectangle part of the mask. Its width is equal to the radial gradient’s width minus twice the border thickness:

calc(100% / var(--f) - 2 * var(--b))

The rectangle’s height is equal to half, 50%, of the element’s size.

We also need the linear gradient placed at the horizontal center (50%) and offset from the top by the same value as the outline’s offset. I created another CSS variable, --_o, for the offset we previously defined:

--_o: calc((1 / var(--f) - 1) * var(--s) / 2 - var(--b));

One of the confusing things here is that we need a negative offset for the outline (to move it from outside to inside) but a positive offset for the gradient (to move from top to bottom). So, if you’re wondering why we multiply the offset, --_o, by -1, well, now you know!

Here is a demo to illustrate the mask’s gradient configuration:

Hover the above and see how everything move together. The middle box illustrates the mask layer composed of two gradients. Imagine it as the visible part of the left image, and you get the final result on the right!

Wrapping up

Oof, we’re done! And not only did we wind up with a slick hover animation, but we did it all with a single HTML <img> element. Just that and less than 20 lines of CSS trickery!

Sure, we relied on some little tricks and math formulas to reach such a complex effect. But we knew exactly what to do since we identified the pieces we needed up-front.

Could we have simplified the CSS if we allowed ourselves more HTML? Absolutely. But we’re here to learn new CSS tricks! This was a good exercise to explore CSS gradients, masking, the outline property’s behavior, transformations, and a whole bunch more. If you felt lost at any point, then definitely check out my series that uses the same general concepts. It sometimes helps to see more examples and use cases to drive a point home.

I will leave you with one last demo that uses photos of popular CSS developers. Don’t forget to show me a demo with your own image so I can add it to the collection!

A Fancy Hover Effect For Your Avatar originally published on CSS-Tricks, which is part of the DigitalOcean family. You should get the newsletter.

(被)【bei】(称)【cheng】(为)【wei】(“)【“】(五)【wu】(大)【da】(侨)【qiao】(园)【yuan】(”)【”】(的)【de】(逵)【kui】(园)【yuan】(、)【、】(春)【chun】(园)【yuan】(、)【、】(隅)【yu】(园)【yuan】(、)【、】(明)【ming】(园)【yuan】(和)【he】(简)【jian】(园)【yuan】(，)【，】(就)【jiu】(是)【shi】(东)【dong】(山)【shan】(洋)【yang】(房)【fang】(中)【zhong】(最)【zui】(具)【ju】(代)【dai】(表)【biao】(性)【xing】(的)【de】(建)【jian】(筑)【zhu】(。)【。】(如)【ru】(今)【jin】(这)【zhe】(几)【ji】(栋)【dong】(老)【lao】(园)【yuan】(子)【zi】(或)【huo】(为)【wei】(纪)【ji】(念)【nian】(馆)【guan】(、)【、】(私)【si】(人)【ren】(美)【mei】(术)【shu】(馆)【guan】(或)【huo】(做)【zuo】(咖)【ka】(啡)【fei】(厅)【ting】(，)【，】(成)【cheng】(了)【le】(年)【nian】(轻)【qing】(人)【ren】(的)【de】(打)【da】(卡)【ka】(胜)【sheng】(地)【di】(。)【。】

　【俄】✘【军】僕は彼女があの雨の朝に黄色い雨合羽を着て鳥小屋を掃除したりcえさの袋を運んでいた光景を思い出した。半分崩れたバースデーケーキとcあの夜僕のシャツを濡らした直子の涙の感触を思いだした。そうあの夜も雨が降っていた。冬には彼女はキャメルのオーバーコートを着て僕の隣りを歩いていた。彼女はいつも髪どめをつけてcいつもそれを手で触っていた。そして透きとおった目でいつも僕の目をのぞきこんでいた。青いガウンを着てソファーの上で膝を折りその上に顎をのせていた。【事】「鳥肉と性病としゃべりすぎ床屋が嫌いだ」【专】【家】【、】♥【退】【役】【上】♫【校】☤【维】➳【克】「それでそれ以来ビリヤードやらなくなったの」【多】卐【·】　　提起笔来，在纸上画出三条线：“命三支人马分三处攻打，他若真将兵力分散开，必然无法兼顾，我等可以避实就虚，先将这鬼东西破掉！”【利】「私にも二十歳の頃があったわ。ずっと昔のことだけど」とレイコさんは言った。「信じる」【托】「それ――本気で言ってるの」【夫】「私も好きよcこれ。とても優しくて」彼女はディアハートのメロディーをもう一度何小節か軽く弾いてからワインをすすった。「さて酔払っちゃう前に何曲弾けるかな。ねえcこういうお葬式だと淋しくなくていいでしょう」【金】　　“广晟兄莫要为难叔桓，若非主公不禁言论，叔桓兄哪会有胆量来这未开化之地？”另一名儒士坐在郑小同身边，摇头笑道：“不过叔桓兄，若你此来，是想炫耀你的出身的话，真的来错地方了，逆该回家，去向你家那些佃农去炫耀，哦……差点忘了，卫家似乎已经不在河东了，却不知道在许昌有没有得到田产？若没有的话，可来我长安，官府的地是可以租借的，不过却不会赠予任何人。”【表】僕は手すりから身をのりだしてそちらを眺めてみた。ちょうど三階建てのビルのかげになっていてcくわしい状況はわからなかったけれどc消防車が三台か四台あつまって消火作業をつづけていているようだった。もっとも通りが狭いせいでcせいぜい二台しか中に入れずcあとの車は大通りの方で待機していた。そして通りには例によって見物人がひしめいていた。【示】°【，】│【敖】│【德】そして僕は初秋の午後の束の間の魔力がもうどこかに消え去っていることを知った。【萨】┃【港】♒【口】【的】¿【三】　　“查！至少要给我把凶手查出来！”曹操沉声道。【个】「他には」【大】│【型】「筋合」と僕はびっくりして言った。「筋合じゃないってどういうこと」【农】¿【产】✈【品】☏【仓】【储】ღ【码】引越しの三日後に僕は直子に手紙を書いた。新しい住居の様子を書きc寮のごたごたからぬけだせcこれ以上下らない連中の下らない思惑にまきこまれないで済むんだと思うととても嬉しくてホッとする。ここで新しい気分で新しい生活を始めようと思っている。【头】　　伏完身子一颤，匍匐在地，不敢多言，却也没有反对，在大多数人心中，曹操把持朝政，挟天子以令诸侯是不争的事实，甚至在许多人心中，对曹操的恨意犹胜吕布。【成】✘【为】☉【目】「三分の二はきたからもう少しよ。あなた男の子でしょうしっかりしなくちゃ」とレイコさんが言った。【标】直子は首を振った。【“】✞【并】☿【不】「でも何かあるだろう。預金通帳とか実印とか証書とかcそういうもの。とりあえずのお金だってなきゃ困るし」【奇】✉【怪】直子はソファーの僕のとなりに座りc僕の体にもたれかかった。肩を抱くとc彼女は頭を僕の肩にのせc鼻先を首にあてた。そしてまるで僕の体温をたしかめるみたいにそのままの姿勢でじっとしていた。そんあ風に直子をそっと抱いているとc胸が少し熱くなった。やがて直子は何も言わずに立ち上がりc入ってきたときと同じようにそっとドアを開けて出て行った。【”】【。】♛【因】　　“已过了河东，正在沿黄河一带包抄敌军后路。”马铁躬身道。【为】⊿【乌】✘【克】　　这分明就是被吕布给打怕了，才前来朝拜愿意举国归附，但却不知，如今他们眼中的大汉朝已经四分五裂，吕布如今一方诸侯，无论是吕布还是甘宁，朝廷根本没能耐让人家做任何事情，百济使者这完全是投错了门路才跑来许昌。【兰】　　“咔嚓~”【一】↖【直】〖【打】✍【着】유【运】☒【送】　　“好，好~上使慢走，不必着急。”来人点头哈腰的对着门伯躬身道。【粮】❥【食】緑はくすくす笑った。「あなたって本当に変ってるわね。冗談なんかいわないって顔して冗談言うんだもの」【的】︻【幌】│【子】「そうかなあ」と僕は言った。【，】°【对】【其】≈【从】大学が封鎖されて講義はなくなったのでc僕は運送屋のアルバイトを始めた。運送トラックの助手席に座って荷物の積み下ろしをするのだ。仕事は思っていたよりきつくc最初のうちは体が痛くて朝起きあがれないほどだったがc給料はそのぶん良かったしc忙しく体を動かしているあいだは自分の中の空洞を意識せずに済んだ。僕は週に五日c運送屋で昼間働きc三日はレコード屋で夜番をやった。そして仕事のない夜は部屋でウィスキーを飲みながら本を読んだ。突撃隊は酒が一滴も飲めずcアルコールの匂いにひどく敏感でc僕がベッドに寝転んで生のウィスキーを飲んでいるとc臭くて勉強できないから外で飲んでくれないかなと文句を言った。【西】「牛みたいに頑丈な赤ん坊はまだそれほど欲しくないのね」と緑は言った。【方】ღ【国】━【家】│【获】◤【得】♚【的】僕は久しぶりに洗濯をしc風呂屋に行って髭を剃りc部屋の掃除をしc買物をしてきちんとした食事を作って食べc腹を減らせた「かもめ」に餌をやりcビール以外の酒を飲まずc体操を三十分やった。髭を剃るときに鏡を見るとc顔がげっそりとやせてしまったことがわかった。目がいやにぎょろぎょろとしていてcなんだか他人の顔みたいだった。【武】☣【器】返事はこなかった。【进】【行】　　错马而过的瞬间，便杀了三名曹将，后方白马营兴奋地鼓噪起来，而曹军阵营中，于禁以及一众曹军却是集体失声，于禁突然有些后悔，吕布麾下，貌似最不缺的就是这种。【交】た。【易】☁【。】☑【“】　　想想自己，庞统突然觉得自己的遭遇跟吕征很像，每每想到这点，庞统就有种哭笑不得的感觉。【他】【们】【把】緑はくすくす笑ってから仏壇の鐘をちーんと鳴らした。「お父さんcおやすみ。私たちこれから楽しくやるからc安心して寝なさい。もう苦しくないでしょもう死んじゃったんだもんc苦しくないわよね。もし今も苦しかったら神様に文句言いなさいね。これじゃちょっとひどすぎるじゃないかって。天国でお母さんと会ってしっぽりやってなさい。おしっこの世話するときおちんちん見たけどcなかなか立派だったわよ。だから頑張るのよ。おやすみ」【这】◆【些】【武】【器】〗【送】┆【到】❥【中】【东】♀【，】その頃は私はもうたまんないくらいにぐじゅぐじゅよcあそこ。お恥かしい話だけれど。あんなに濡れたのはあとにも先にもはじめてだったわね。どちらかいうとc私は自分がそれまで性的に淡白な方だと思ってたの。だからそんな風になってc自分でもいささか茫然としちゃったのよ。それから下着の中に彼女の細くてやわらかな指が入ってきてcそれでねえcわかるでしょcだいたいそんなこと私の口から言えないわよcとても。そういうのってねc男の人のごつごつした指でやられるのと全然違うのよ。凄いわよc本当。まるで羽毛でくすぐられてるみたいで。私もう頭のヒューズがとんじゃいそうだったわ。でもねc私cボォッとした頭の中でこんなことしてちゃ駄目だと思ったの。一度こんなことやったら延々とこれをやりつづけることになるしcそんな秘密も抱えこんだら私の頭はまだこんがらがるに決まっているんだもの。そして子供のことを考えたの。子供にこんなところ見られたらどうしようってね。子供は土曜日は三時くらいまで私の実家に遊びに行くことになっていたんだけれどcもし何かがあって急にうちに帰ってきたりしたらどうしようってね。そう思ったの。それで私c全身の力をふりしぼって起きあがって止めてcお願いって叫んだの。【甚】↗【至】✪【在】❤【法】朝目を覚ますと僕はベットの中で君とレイコさんと鳥小屋のことを考えると僕は書いた。孔雀や鴉やオウムや七面鳥cそしてウサギのことを。雨の朝に君たちが着ていたフードつきの黄色い雨合羽のことも覚えています。あたたかいベットの中で君のことを考えているのはとても気持の良いものです。まるで僕のとなりに君がいてc体を丸めてぐっすり眠っているような気がします。そしてそれがもし本当だったらどんなに素敵だろうと思います。【国】✞【也】°【找】「正直言って私cすごく怖いのよ。一人ぼっちで旭川に行くのが。だから手紙書いてね。あなたの手紙を読むといつもあなたがとなりにいるような気がするの」【到】【了】【这】─【些】☭【武】　　“子扬，如何？”营帐中，看着皱眉沉思的刘晔，夏侯渊有些期待的道。【器】【”】✎【。】☪2分30秒不间断娇喘。

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